The term ecosystem was first used by A.G. Tansley in 1935.
Definition
The definition of ecosystem given by Tensile is shown below.
"Ecosystem is that system which is manifested by the interactions and actions of all the living and non-living components of the environment."
Study definition
"This structural and functionally related ecosystem of community and environment, Ecosystem or ecosystem is called."
The ecosystem is made up of living and non-living components. Ecosystems have been called by different names by different scientists. e.g. Holocene, Biosystems, Microcosms, Ecosystems etc. But the most recognition has been given to the name of the ecosystem itself.
Ecosystem is the basic structural and functional unit of organisms and their environment, which have been continuously interacting with other ecosystems and their components.
Type of ecosystem
There are mainly two types of ecosystems, aquatic ecosystem and terrestrial ecosystem.
• Aquatic ecosystem
There are also two types of aquatic ecosystem, clear aquatic and marine.
• Fresh water pond ecosystem
Pond ecosystem is part of clean aquatic ecosystem. There are two components of this ecosystem which are called biotic components and abiotic components.
1. Biological Components
Under the biological component, all the living organisms found in the pond come, on the basis of the trophic level, they are divided into the following parts.
• Producer
Under this, autotrophic plants have been kept which make their own food. Some organisms of this category are plants floating on water, some are water terrestrial plants and there are submerged plants. Such as phytoplankton,diatoms,spirogyra,vallisneria,wolffia,etc.
• Consumer
These organisms depend on producers for their food. There are also many types of consumers to be seen in this. The organisms which are present in the water of the pond are herbivores, they are called primary consumers. Like Amoeba Paramecium molluscus etc.
Organisms that are small carnivores and eat primary consumers in the form of food are called secondary consumers. Like small fish, insects, snakes etc.
Organisms that feed on primary and secondary consumers are known as tertiary consumers. For example big fish, birds that eat fish etc.
• decomposer
These organisms decompose the dead and decaying organisms in the pond, releasing organic and inorganic substances. Such organisms are micro-organisms such as bacteria, fungi etc.
2. Abiotic components
These substances are dissolved in water and soil. Apart from this, temperature, light and pH of water have also been included in abiotic components. Organic and inorganic substances are placed under the inorganic component. Such as nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus, carbon dioxide, zinc, iron, calcium, potassium etc.
• Forest ecosystem
The tall trees in this ecosystem have the ability to absorb sunlight well. There are two types of small plants that grow under big trees. Some can grow and develop well in shady places. But some plants belong to the same species that grow in the form of trees in the forest. This small plant does not get sunlight well and after some growth they die. After a few years, usually only one plant is able to develop completely and takes the place of the destroyed big tree. Most of the forests have been destroyed by humans by making agriculture, horticulture pastures etc. according to their needs. Different types of forests have developed in India depending on the amount of climate water and the variation of different organisms.
• Artificial ecosystem
Man keeps on manipulating or manipulating the natural environment in order to produce more and more of his needs like clothes, wood, food, medicine and other beneficial products. As a result of this manipulation, a new ecosystem is formed in which humans are more involved. This type of ecosystem is called artificial ecosystem or human-engineered ecosystem. For example, agricultural land ecosystem, water reservoir etc. are artificial ecosystems created by man.
From author's pen✒
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